Vaccination CompetenceVaccination Competence<![CDATA[Vaccination Competence]]>AnneNikulaPh.D. (c), M.N.Sc., N.T., P.H.N., R.N., Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.authorMaijaHupliPh.D., R.N., Senior lecturer, Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.authorSatuRapolaM.D., Ph.D., Senior researcher, Department of Vaccines, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.authorHelenaLeino‐KilpiPh.D., R.N., Professor and Chair, Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.authortextarticleBlackwell Publishing IncMalden, USA2009-032009eneng04033527360ABSTRACT Objective: Vaccinating is one of the most significant methods of health promotion in the world. The purpose of this study was to describe vaccination competence from the perspective of professionals, clients, and students. Design: A cross‐sectional interview study. Sample: Participants (n=40) were public health nurses, physicians, nursing teachers and graduating public health nursing students, and vaccinated clients of various ages or vaccinated children's parents in Finland. Measurements: Interview data were collected using semistructured interviews in focus groups and individual interviews, and were analyzed by content analysis. Results: The participants pointed out that the competent vaccinator (CV) displays distinctive personal qualities, possesses the necessary attributes required in the vaccinator‐client relationship, and is authorized to administer vaccinations. The competent vaccinator is a health care professional who is committed to vaccinating and who fosters social awareness of vaccinations. The competent implementation of the vaccination procedure consists of the vaccinator's actions before, during, and after the vaccination. The outcomes of a competent implementation are divided into immediate and long‐term outcomes. Conclusions: Vaccination competence is a broad entity. These results may be utilized for improving the practical implementation of vaccinations, administration, education, and research of vaccination procedures.keywordsclinical competencecompetenceimmunizationprofessional competencevaccinationPublic Health Nursingjournal0737-12091525-144610.1111/(ISSN)1525-1446PHN2009vol.26no.217318210Using qualitative analytical techniquesM.Catanzaroauthorbook-chapterNursing research: Theory and practiceC.V. Mosby1988437456Vaccine administrationJ.Chiodiniauthorjournal-articleChiodini, J. (2000). Vaccine administration. Nursing Standard, 14 (43), 39–42.2000vol.14no.(43)3942Nursing Standard2000vol.14no.(43)3942Best practice in vaccine administrationJ.Chiodiniauthorjournal-articleChiodini, J. (2001). Best practice in vaccine administration. Nursing Standard, 16 (7), 35–38.2001vol.16no.(7)3538Nursing Standard2001vol.16no.(7)3538An experimental study on the use of manual pressure to reduce pain in the intramuscular injectionsJ.ChungauthorW.NgauthorT.Wongauthorjournal-articleChung, J., Ng, W., & Wong, T. (2002). An experimental study on the use of manual pressure to reduce pain in the intramuscular injections. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11 (4), 475–461.2002vol.11no.(4)475461Journal of Clinical Nursing2002vol.11no.(4)475461Physician knowledge of catch‐up regimens and contraindications for childhood vaccinationsN. J.CohenauthorD. S.LauderdaleauthorP. B.SheteauthorJ. B.SealauthorR. S.Daumauthorjournal-articleCohen, N. J., Lauderdale, D. S., Shete, P. B., Seal, J. B., & Daum, R. S. (2003). Physician knowledge of catch‐up regimens and contraindications for childhood vaccinations. Pediatrics, 11 (5), 925–932.2003vol.11no.(5)925932Pediatrics2003vol.11no.(5)925932Communicable Diseases Decree 786/1986. Issued October 31, 1986 (Tartuntatautiasetus 786/1986. Annettu 31.10.1986).otherPractical advice for planning and conducting focus groupsD.Côtè‐ArsenaultauthorD.Morrison‐Beedyauthorjournal-articleCôtè‐Arsenault, D., & Morrison‐Beedy, D. (1999). Practical advice for planning and conducting focus groups. Nursing Research, 48 (15), 280–283.1999vol.48no.(15)280283Nursing Research1999vol.48no.(15)280283Knowledge of general public and health professionals about tetanus immunizationP.DabasauthorC. M.AgarwalauthorR.KumarauthorD. K.TanejaauthorC. K.IngleauthorR.Sahaauthorjournal-articleDabas, P., Agarwal, C. M., Kumar, R., Taneja, D. K., Ingle, C. K., & Saha, R. (2005). Knowledge of general public and health professionals about tetanus immunization. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72 (12), 1035–1037.2005vol.72no.(12)10351037Indian Journal of Pediatrics2005vol.72no.(12)10351037Injection sites utilized for PDT immunizationsJ. M.DalyauthorW.JohnstonauthorY.Chungauthorjournal-articleDaly, J. M., Johnston, W., & Chung, Y. (1992). Injection sites utilized for PDT immunizations. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 9 (2), 87–94.1992vol.9no.(2)8794Journal of Community Health Nursing1992vol.9no.(2)8794Vaccine coverage with hepatitis B and other vaccines in the Colombian AmazonF.De La HozauthorL.PerezauthorJ. G.WheelerauthorM.De NeiraauthorA. J.Hallauthorjournal-articleDe La Hoz, F., Perez, L., Wheeler, J. G., De Neira, M., & Hall, A. J. (2005). Vaccine coverage with hepatitis B and other vaccines in the Colombian Amazon: Do health care worker knowledge and perception influence coverage? Tropical Medicine and International Health, 10 (4), 322–329.2005vol.10no.(4)322329Tropical Medicine and International Health2005vol.10no.(4)322329Etene. (2007). Muistilista eettisten toimikuntien jäsenille ja tutkijoille [Checklist for members of ethical committees and researchers]. Retrieved May 20, 2007, fromhttp://www.etene.orgEteneother2007European Commission. (2008). European Health Insurance Card. Retrieved March 15, 2008, fromhttp://europa.eu/pol/health/index_fi.htmEuropean Commissionother2008An evaluation of nursing student knowledge on immunizationsJ.HarrauthorS. J.HammarauthorM.St.John‐Seedauthorjournal-articleHarr, J., Hammar, S. J., & St.John‐Seed, M. (2001). An evaluation of nursing student knowledge on immunizations. Community Nursing Research, 34, 314.2001vol.34314Community Nursing Research2001vol.34314Childhood immunization. How knowledgeable we are?H.HeurterauthorK.Breen‐ReidauthorL.AronsonauthorL.LindgardauthorD.ManningauthorE. L.Ford‐Jonesauthorjournal-articleHeurter, H., Breen‐Reid, K., Aronson, L., Lindgard, L., Manning, D., & Ford‐Jones, E. L. (2003). Childhood immunization. How knowledgeable we are? Canadian Nurse, 99 (4), 27–31.2003vol.99no.(4)2731Canadian Nurse2003vol.99no.(4)2731Krueger, R. (1994). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (2nd ed.). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Krueger, R. (1994). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (2nd ed.). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.R.KruegerauthorbookSage1994Are general practice registrars prepared for immunisations? A cross sectional surveyJ.LeaskauthorA.WilliamsauthorP.McIntyreauthorD.O'Deaauthorjournal-articleLeask, J., Williams, A., McIntyre, P., & O'Dea, D. (2004). Are general practice registrars prepared for immunisations? A cross sectional survey. Australian Family Physician, 33 (8), 665–667.2004vol.33no.(8)665667Australian Family Physician2004vol.33no.(8)665667Health professionals' attitudes to MMR vaccine. More interactive training and updates on immunisation should be providedG.LewendonauthorM.MaconachieauthorK.Ellistonauthorjournal-articleLewendon, G., Maconachie, M., & Elliston, K. (2001). Health professionals' attitudes to MMR vaccine. More interactive training and updates on immunisation should be provided. British Medical Journal, 322 (7294), 1120–1121.2001vol.322no.(7294)11201121British Medical Journal2001vol.322no.(7294)11201121Immunization updateB.MawnauthorK.Pakkalaauthorjournal-articleMawn, B., & Pakkala, K. (2000). Immunization update: A community‐based nursing education program. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 31 (3), 101–110.2000vol.31no.(3)101110Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing2000vol.31no.(3)101110Miles, M., & Huberman, A. (2001). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Miles, M., & Huberman, A. (2001). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.M.MilesauthorA.HubermanauthorbookSage Publications2001Ministry of Education. (2006). Ammattikorkeakoulusta terveydenhuoltoon. [From polytechnics to health care]. Opetusministeriön työryhmämuistioita ja selvityksiä 2006. Helsinki: Opetusministeriö. Retrieved February 20, 2008, fromhttp://www.minedu.fi/OPM/Julkaisut/2006/Ministry of Educationother2006National Public Health Institute. (2006). Health in All Policies. Annual Report. Retrieved March 1, 2008, fromhttp://www.ktl.fi/attachments/english/organization/annual_report_2006.pdfNational Public Health Instituteother2006National Public Health Institute. (2007a). Tartuntatautirekisteri [Register of Communicable Diseases]. Retrieved March 3, 2008, fromhttp://ktl.fi/portal/suomi/osastot/infe/tutkimus/tartuntatautien_seurantaNational Public Health Instituteother2007National Public Health Institute. (2007b). Tartuntataudit Suomessa 2006 [Communicable Diseases in Finland]. Publication of National Public Health Institute B 12/2007. Retrieved March 1, 2008, fromhttp://www.ktl.fi/attachments/suomi/julkaisut/julkaisusarja_b/2007/2007b12.pdfNational Public Health Instituteother2007Nohynek, H., Hulkko, T., Rapola, S., Strömberg, N., & Kilpi, T. (2005). Rokottajan käsikirja [Vaccinator's handbook]. Helsinki: Duodecim.Nohynek, H., Hulkko, T., Rapola, S., Strömberg, N., & Kilpi, T. (2005). Rokottajan käsikirja [Vaccinator's handbook]. Helsinki: Duodecim.H.NohynekauthorT.HulkkoauthorS.RapolaauthorN.StrömbergauthorT.KilpiauthorbookDuodecim2005Family physician perspectives on barriers to childhood immunisationH.Petousis‐HarrisauthorF.Goodyear‐SmithauthorN.TurnerauthorB.Soeauthorjournal-articlePetousis‐Harris, H., Goodyear‐Smith, F., Turner, N., & Soe, B. (2004). Family physician perspectives on barriers to childhood immunisation. Vaccine, 22 (17–18), 2340–2344.2004vol.22no.(17–18)23402344Vaccine2004vol.22no.(17–18)23402344Family practice nurse views on barriers to immunising childrenH.Petousis‐HarrisauthorF.Goodyear‐SmithauthorN.TurnerauthorB.Soeauthorjournal-articlePetousis‐Harris, H., Goodyear‐Smith, F., Turner, N., & Soe, B. (2005). Family practice nurse views on barriers to immunising children. Vaccine, 23 (21), 2725–2730.2005vol.23no.(21)27252730Vaccine2005vol.23no.(21)27252730Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing research: Principles and methods. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company.Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing research: Principles and methods. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company.D. F.PolitauthorC. T.BeckauthorbookJ.B. Lippincott Company2004Salisbury, D. M., & Begg, N. T. (2006). Immunizations against infectious disease (The Green Book) (3rd ed.). London: Stationery Office under licence from Department of Health.Salisbury, D. M., & Begg, N. T. (2006). Immunizations against infectious disease (The Green Book) (3rd ed.). London: Stationery Office under licence from Department of Health.D. M.SalisburyauthorN. T.BeggauthorbookStationery Office under licence from Department of Health2006Do we practice what we teach about childhood immunization in New Jersey?C. M.SharknessauthorB. D.GounauthorL. A.DavisauthorL. E.Sykesauthorjournal-articleSharkness, C. M., Goun, B. D., Davis, L. A., & Sykes, L. E. (1998). Do we practice what we teach about childhood immunization in New Jersey? Family Medicine, 30 (10), 727–732.1998vol.30no.(10)727732Family Medicine1998vol.30no.(10)727732Physician beliefs and knowledge about vaccinations. Are Cincinnati doctors giving their best shot?R. M.SiegellauthorC. J.Schubertauthorjournal-articleSiegell, R. M., & Schubert, C. J. (1996). Physician beliefs and knowledge about vaccinations. Are Cincinnati doctors giving their best shot? Clinical Pediatrics, 35 (2), 79–83.1996vol.35no.(2)7983Clinical Pediatrics1996vol.35no.(2)7983Subject specific competences 05/2006. Degree Programme in Public Health Nursing. Ammattikorkeakoulujen osallistuminen eurooppalaiseen korkeakoulualueeseen. [Participation of Universities of Applied Scineces in European Higher Education Area] Retrieved February 5, 2008, fromhttp://ncp.fi/ects/kompet_sosiaaliala.htmotherAnalysis of factors influencing vaccine uptakeB.SwennenauthorP.Van DammeauthorA.VellingauthorY.CoppietersauthorA. M.Deporterauthorjournal-articleSwennen, B., Van Damme, P., Velling, A., Coppieters, Y., & Deporter, A. M. (2001). Analysis of factors influencing vaccine uptake: Perspectives from Belgium. Vaccine, 20 (Suppl 1), S5–S7.2001vol.20no.(Suppl 1)S5S7Vaccine2001vol.20no.(Suppl 1)S5S7World Health Organization [WHO]. (2006). World Health Organization. Vaccine‐preventable diseases monitoring system. Global Summary. Retrieved February 10, 2008, fromhttp://www.who.int/vaccines‐documents/GlobalSummary/GlobalSummary.pdfWorld Health Organization [WHO]other20060234FC0AA24DE867D5EAA6EF677D0901B8F01180ark:/67375/WNG-8J2XXKFM-W10.1111/j.1525-1446.2009.00768.xPHN768© 2009, The Authors. Journal Compiliation © 2009, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.wileyConverted from (version 2.0.0) to MODS version 3.6.2022-03-02